The purpose of this research was to explore the barriers that may contribute to the lack of African American women being represented in leadership roles at academic institutions. An analysis of the literature was conducted to examine the levels of racism, historical factors, such as slavery, civil rights and the impact of media images on African American women being in the academy are outlined. Critical race theory, social dominance and stereotype theory illustrate the barriers that African American women are confronted with and that may interfere with their pursuit of leadership roles in academic institutions. Recommendations and future research are discussed.