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Radio emitter localization via doppler frequency shifts using a single receiver
Rankin, Andrew
Rankin, Andrew
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thesis
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2021-12
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Abstract
The Doppler effect has been exploited for localization of an electromagnetic
interference (EMI) radio source. The differential Doppler (DD) method has been used for
many decades. Another method called the direct position determination (DPD) approach
showed better performance than the DD method under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
environments. The DPD approach uses a single step without Doppler frequency
measurement whereas the DD method involves two steps: Step 1 – measurement of Doppler
frequency at each receiver (RX); and Step 2 – measurement of the Doppler frequency
differences among the RXs. Both DD and DPD employ multiple mobile RXs, e.g., multiple
satellites. Launching and managing multiple RXs require significantly higher cost than a
single-RX operation. Of course, both DD and DPD methods exploit the Doppler frequency
directly or indirectly. This thesis documents research, which attempts to challenge the
traditional approach where RXs are physically separated at a significantly large distance to
yield better Doppler frequency effects. It covers three novel methods requiring only a single
RX. The key idea is to exploit the fact that the Doppler frequency is a function of not only
velocity and position vectors but also RX frequency. In other words, the main idea is to
have multiple different Doppler frequency effects at a single RX by creating multiple RX
frequencies with multiple RX antennas in proximity even if the EMI transmitter (TX) uses
a single carrier frequency. For implementation, this new methodology uses multiple
frequency mixer intelligent reflection surface (FMx IRS) antennas and a main RX antenna
in proximity. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the EMI TX’s signal is
assumed to be either known or unknown. In addition, the research includes simulations
using a random search, instead of a computationally inefficient grid search used in DPD,
for a faster convergence. Furthermore, this thesis recommends FMx IRS antennas to create
a different RX frequency at a different sampling time, e.g., chirp. Finally, this thesis will
verify the claims via simulation and Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis.
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Thesis (M.S.)-- Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Wichita State University
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© Copyright 2021 by Andrew Rankin
All Rights Reserved