Activation of muscle amine functional groups using eutectic mixture to enhance tissue adhesiveness of injectable, conductive and therapeutic granular hydrogel for diabetic ulcer regeneration

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Authors
Sheikhi, Mehdi
Jahangiri, Parisa
Ghodsi, Saman
Rafiemanzelat, Fatemeh
Vakili, Shaghayegh
Jahromi, Maliheh
Tehrani, Firoozeh K.
Siavash, Mansour
Esmaeili, Fariba
Solgi, Hamid
Advisors
Issue Date
2025-01
Type
Article
Keywords
Deep eutectic solvent , Diabetic wound healing , Granular hydrogel , Microgel , Tissue adhesion
Research Projects
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Citation
Mehdi Sheikhi, Parisa Jahangiri, Saman Ghodsi, Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat, Shaghayegh Vakili, Maliheh Jahromi, Firoozeh Kavosh Tehrani, Mansour Siavash, Fariba Esmaeili, Hamid Solgi, Activation of muscle amine functional groups using eutectic mixture to enhance tissue adhesiveness of injectable, conductive and therapeutic granular hydrogel for diabetic ulcer regeneration, Biomaterials Advances, Volume 166, 2025, 214073, ISSN 2772-9508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214073.
Abstract

Herein, Polydopamine-modified microgels and microgels incorporated with superficial epoxy groups were synthesized and applied as precursors for the fabrication of four granular hydrogels. To enhance the tissue adhesiveness, a ternary deep eutectic solvent was synthesized to activate the muscle amine functional groups facilitating the formation of robust N–C bonds at ambient conditions. At a certain shear rate of 10 s−1, hydrogel DMG displayed a viscosity of 9×103 Pa/s, representing the highest complex viscosity among the tested hydrogels primarily driven by quinone groups in PDA which enhanced reversible interactions, thereby increasing particle cohesion. Moreover, the intersection point escalating from about 4×103 to approximately 9×104 as the concentration of DMG increased from 0 % (for MG) to 70% (7D3MG) by weight. There was a decrease in adhesion strength from 0.45 ± 0.08 N in MG to 0.39 ± 0.16 N, 0.35± 0.18 N, and 0.33 ± 0.15 N for 3D7MG, 7D3MG, and DMG respectively, suggesting that MG was capable of forming numerous covalent bonds, thereby enhancing its adhesion to the substrate. The type of eutectic mixture affected the electrical conductivity and a very important point was the changes in resistance value with time. For MG catalyzed by [DES]AZG, the resistance increased only by 1.3 % (from 3.37 to 3.81 kΩ) at day 3 and 37.09 % (from 3.37 to 4.62 kΩ) at day 5. The 3D7MG hydrogel exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy toward diabetic wound regeneration. The proliferation index value for 3D7MG-[DES]AZG and 3D7MG-[DES]AG were calculated 42.3 % and 58.6 %, respectively, while the control group exhibited a lower value of 37.8 %. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

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Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Journal
Biomaterials Advances
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Series
PubMed ID
ISSN
2772-9508
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