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Pemmican production at etzanoa (14CO3): Faunal analyses from the 2016-2019 excavations
Zavala, Georgia R.
Zavala, Georgia R.
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t24065_Zavala.pdf
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2024-12
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Pemmican is a lightweight and nutritious food that was highly utilized by Plains inhabitants. Pemmican was utilized over the course of thousands of years. Its longevity and transportable nature meant that pemmican was a significant part of the subsistence practices of those who inhabited the Plains. Made primarily from bison, pemmican was a mixture of dried meat, fat, and berries. Physical evidence of pemmican is found in the presence of bison remains, and deliberately fractured remains for fat processing.
The goal of this thesis was to determine whether pemmican was produced at Etzanoa (14CO3). This study implemented Outram’s (1998) Fracture Freshness Index to determine whether the remains recovered from 14CO3 are indicative of marrow harvesting. Faunal remains were also attributed to size classes in order to identify grease rendering practices. Charcoal and burned bone were analyzed based on their spatial distribution to determine evidence of burning as well. Results show that the fracture patterns exhibited on the faunal remains and the presence of burned bone and charcoal indicate the processes required for fat processing, and as a result, pemmican production.
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Thesis (M.A.)-- Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology
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Wichita State University
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© Copyright 2024 by Georgia R. Zavala
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