Ground stone artifacts and fire-cracked rock from Etzanoa (14CO3)
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Etzanoa (14CO3) is an archaeological site located in the Lower Walnut Focus in the Great Bend Aspect in South Central Kansas, a once major center for residence and trade for Wichita speaking peoples between 1350 A.D. and 1750 A.D. The collection of artifacts excavated from the 2019-2022 Etzanoa field schools has provided a wealth of cultural material, including material evidence of ground stones and fire-cracked rock used, creating the question: how does the distribution and prevalence of these artifacts assist in evidencing the food pathways of Wichita peoples who occupied this site? Based on the ground stones, fire-cracked rocks, and the fragments thereof recovered, it is to be interpreted the degree to which peoples occupying the area were subsisting off bison and maize and horticultural production. The artifacts of this topic from this collection are to be categorized, cleaned, analyzed, documented, and subsequently preserved for the study of the material culture of the site. From the general analysis, in tandem with a reflection on their spatial distribution as per the excavation, a sample size to be determined will be drawn from the artifacts to analyze their use-wear patterns and wear-damage level to better understand their relevance in their temporal and spatial context. Evidence of their usage found will be congruent with the current understanding that this site was a major center for both bison and horticultural products production. Data from these artifacts will be used to supplement the continued framing in understanding what life was like for the Wichita peoples living in this hub.
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Research completed in the Department of Anthropology, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
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v. 21

