A prominent raw material found in the southern Plains region of south-central Kansas, and northwest Oklahoma is Florence chert. This chert is commonly associated with the Ancestral Wichita people. Florence chert was known to be intentionally heat treated by the Ancestral Wichita. Observational analysis has been the primary method in identifying the chert and its chert types. This study investigates the effects of heat treatment on various types of Florence chert using both observational and analytical methods. Experimental results suggest that Ancestral Wichita likely heated chert between 400 °C and 600 °C to optimize flaking properties without compromising material integrity. This study also explores the geochemical and observational distinctions among Florence chert types A, B, and C, emphasizing the utility of pXRF and statistical analyses (PCA, MANOVA, ANOVA, CV) in archaeological sourcing and material classification. Results confirm that these chert types are geochemically distinct, with elements such as Zn, Sr, Rb, Mn, and Ca serving as key discriminators. Elemental analysis via pXRF with principal component and MANOVA testing confirming statistically significant differences among Florence Types. Florence A demonstrated the most internal consistency, while Florence B showed high variability, and Florence C indicated moderate stability. Results highlight the effectiveness of raw material analysis via observational methods that can be further supported by p(XRF) and statistical analysis suggesting future development of a digital reference system to support broader regional sourcing efforts.