The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was a breakthrough in biological research poised to be a potential therapy in the field of regenerative medicine. The modality is a personalized therapy due to utilizing the patients’ own cells in the treatment of disease. Biomaterial scaffolds constructed from natural and synthetic polymers have both shown to increase stem cell viability in vivo via providing a controlled microenvironment which permits successful cell growth and differentiation. The use of biodegradable and biocompatible three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds combined with iPSCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing regenerative potential and restoring spinal cord function after injury. Bioscaffolds also create a 3D model for the investigation of Alzheimer’s disease. In this work, we reviewed the advance of the research with combination of bioscaffolds and iPSCs for the investigation and treatment of neural trauma and Alzheimer’s disease.