In this paper, I explore the parallel trajectories of anthropological archaeological and Austrian economic thought from central Europe to the Anglosphere. I note the work of Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973) and Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992). Tracing the influence that similar theoretical perspectives has had on their respective fields, I particularly investigate the concept of methodological individualism within American archaeology in the twentieth century. This work therefore is a general abstract for the various points of contact between Austrian Economics and anthropological archaeology over the course of their intellectual histories.