With the recent discovery of hydrocarbons in microbial carbonate reservoir facies along the South Atlantic margins, industry is keen to further the understanding of the origin and development of nonmarine (lacustrine) to marine microbial carbonates, the nature of the depositional and diagenetic characteristics of microbialite and associated facies, and the sedimentary and petrophysical properties of microbial carbonate petroleum reservoirs. In this regard, the authors of AAPG Getting Started Series 19, Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs, Mancini et al. (2010), found that a vast literature on microbes and their functions in geological processes and products ranging from biogeochemistry to geomicrobiology, sedimentary petrology, and stratigraphy was available; however, only a small part of this literature deals with microbial carbonates as petroleum reservoirs. Further, these authors reported that sparse available literature exists on microbial carbonate reservoirs formed in lacustrine and continental settings and on carbonate reservoirs of abiotic origin in general.