Exploring demoralization in the specific problems scales of the MMPI-2-RF in an impatient psychiatric sample
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Abstract
This concurrent and construct validity study attempted to link the Restructured Demoralization Clinical Scale (RCd) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory- 2- Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF, Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) to the Specific Problems Scales (SP) of the MMPI-2-RF. The RCd scale was developed to improve the poor discriminant validity of the Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2 by extracting a source of shared variance from the original nine Clinical Scales of the MMPI. The shared variance was known as the ?first factor? and then later as demoralization. Because the basic clinical scales of the MMPI were all saturated with this first factor, they were highly intercorrelated, which lowered their discriminant validity. Hence, there was a need to extract this variance from the basic scales and embed it in its own scale eventually labeled demoralization (RCd). The Specific Problems scales were created for the MMPI-2-RF to measure more specific Clinical Scale components not fully represented by the broader RC scales such as suicide or juvenile conduct problems. For example, the developers of the RCd scale attempted to minimize the role of demoralization in the Specific Problems Scales. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence regarding the degree to which demoralization variance, as measured by the RCd scale, was present in the Specific Problems Scales. Correlational and regression analysis indicated that the RCd scale was generally highly correlated with RF Internalizing and Somatization/Cognitive Scales, moderately correlated with Interpersonal Scales, and modestly correlated with the Externalizing Scales. The factor analysis yielded a generally clean four factor structure that had the virtue of simple structure and psychological meaningfulness. The Pearson correlations and regression analyses provided evidence that, indeed, there is a relationship between RCd and several of the dimensions measured by the Specific Problem Scales in this inpatient population.