Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have emerged as a highly promising material for membrane fabrication due to their unique physicochemical properties. The exceptional mechanical strength, tunable surface chemistry, and high aspect ratio of GO nanosheets enable the design of membranes with superior separation performance. This mini-review provides an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of GO-based membranes, with a focus on various fabrication techniques, membrane structures, and their applications in water purification, gas separation, and other areas. The challenges associated with GO membrane fabrication, including scalability, long-term stability, and fouling, are discussed. Finally, future directions for research in this field are outlined, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to overcome current limitations and to unlock the full potential of GO-based membranes in industrial applications. © TheMinerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025