Analysis of ischemic muscle in patients with peripheral artery disease using X-ray spectroscopy

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Authors
Becker, Ryan A.
Cluff, Kim
Duraisamy, Nithyanandhi
Casale, George P.
Pipinos, Iraklis I.
Advisors
Issue Date
2017-12
Type
Article
Keywords
Atherosclerosis , X-ray microanalysis , Scanning electron microscopy , Muscle damage , Vascular disease
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Citation
Becker, Ryan A.; Cluff, Kim; Duraisamy, Nithyanandhi; Casale, George P.; Pipinos, Iraklis I. 2017. Analysis of ischemic muscle in patients with peripheral artery disease using X-ray spectroscopy. Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 220:pp 79-87
Abstract

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis, resulting in decreased blood flow to the lower extremities. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a standard PAD diagnostic test but only identifies reduced blood flow based on blood pressure differences. The early signs of PAD manifest themselves not only at a clinical level but also at an elemental and biochemical level. However, the biochemical and elemental alterations to PAD muscle are not well understood. The objective of this study was to compare fundamental changes in intracellular elemental compositions between control, claudicating, and critical limb ischemia muscle tissue. Materials and methods: Gastrocnemius biopsies from three subjects including one control (ABI >= 0.9), one claudicating (0.4 <= ABI < 0.9), and one critical limb ischemia patient (ABI < 0.4) were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to quantify differences in elemental compositions. Spectra were collected for five myofibers per specimen. An analysis of variance was performed to identify significant differences in muscle elemental compositions. Results: This study revealed that intracellular magnesium and calcium were lower in PAD compared with control myofibers, whereas sulfur was higher. Magnesium and calcium are antagonistic, meaning, if magnesium concentrations go down calcium concentrations should go up. However, our findings do not support this antagonism in PAD. Our analysis found decreases in sodium and potassium, in PAD myofibers. Conclusions: These findings may provide insight into the pathologic mechanisms that may operate in ischemic muscle and aid in the development of specialized preventive and rehabilitative treatment plans for PAD patients.

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Publisher
Elsevier
Journal
Book Title
Series
Journal of Surgical Research;v.220
PubMed ID
DOI
ISSN
0022-4804
EISSN