Robust and scalable quantum repeaters using machine learning

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Authors
Fuentealba, Diego
Dahn, Jack
Steck, James E.
Behrman, Elizabeth C.
Advisors
Issue Date
2025-06-28
Type
Article
Keywords
Decoherence , Machine learning , Noise , Quantum communication , Quantum repeater , Robust , Scalable
Research Projects
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Journal Issue
Citation
Fuentealba, D., Dahn, J., Steck, J., & Behrman, E. (2025). Robust and Scalable Quantum Repeaters Using Machine Learning. Information, 16(7), 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070552
Abstract

Quantum repeaters are integral systems to quantum computing and quantum communication as they allow the transfer of information between qubits, particularly over long distances. Because of the “no-cloning theorem,” which says that general quantum states cannot be directly copied, one cannot perform signal amplification in the usual way. The standard approach uses entanglement swapping, in which quantum states are teleported from one (short) segment to the next, using at each step a shared entangled pair. This is the job of the repeater. In general, this requires reliable quantum memories and shared entanglement resources, which are vulnerable to noise and decoherence. It is also difficult to manually create and implement the quantum algorithm for the swap circuit as the size of the system increases. Here, we propose a different approach: to use machine learning to train a repeater node. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, the system is simulated in MATLAB 2022a. Training is conducted for a system of 2 qubits. It is then scaled up, with no additional training, to systems of 4, 6, and 8 qubits using transfer learning. Finally, the systems are tested in noisy conditions. The results show that the scale-up is very effective and relatively easy, and the effects of noise and decoherence are (Formula presented.) as the size of the system increases. © 2025 by the authors.

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Description
This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Journal
Information (Switzerland)
Book Title
Series
PubMed ID
ISSN
20782489
EISSN