Excessive water usage and CO2 emissions resulting from industrial systems and processes have significantly raised environmental concerns. The primary sources of CO2 emissions are production and transportation, while the biofuel industry itself consumes a considerable amount of water in the U.S. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) capacitated lot-sizing model for analyzing the economic and environmental feasibility of ethanol production using multiple biomass sources is developed. The model minimizes the cost of ethanol production while considering its possible adverse environmental impacts such as CO2 emissions and excessive water usage during ethanol production. The overall cost of ethanol production includes production, setup, and inventory holding costs with penalties for environmental impacts, along with income from ethanol tax credits and electricity generated from waste heat. A sensitivity analysis is performed and results are analyzed in order to improve an understanding of the economic viability of ethanol production and associated environmental effects. Results show that switchgrass is the most profitable and preferred biomass type when there is an unlimited supply of all biomass sources, while wheat and corn become more preferable in the case of a limited biomass supply. Compared to low- and medium-demand cases, when there is high demand, total costs increase significantly due to multiple production setup costs, excessive water usage, and CO2 emissions under limited biomass supply. The solution of the proposed model also indicates that if ongoing technology investments in the conversion rate succeed, the total cost of ethanol production can decrease by 21 percent. Finally, results show that the proposed MILP model provides valuable insights and strategies for future investors, decision-makers, and the government on both economic and environmental impacts of biofuel production using various biomass types.