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Review of Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology and challenges to achieve Paris Agreement objectives
Gerami, Arian Ang, Marcus
Gerami, Arian
Ang, Marcus
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Gerami_2024.pdf
Adobe PDF, 27.54 KB
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2024-04-26
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Gerami, A. & Ang, M. 2024. Review of Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology and challenges to achieve Paris Agreement objectives. -- In Proceedings: 20th Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects. Wichita, KS: Wichita State University
Abstract
Despite the worldwide transition to renewable energy sources, Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a crucial technique to reduce the current high levels of atmospheric CO2 and combat climate change. The Paris Agreement sets forth ambitious objectives for reaching the maximum levels of CO2 emissions by 2025, followed by significant reductions. DAC technologies, encompassing solventbased, solid-sorbent, and membrane-based systems, provide various methods for directly extracting CO2 from the atmosphere. Each approach has distinct challenges and benefits for energy efficiency, reaction speeds, and material stability. DAC involves the use of mechanical devices to bring in surrounding air into the system, where carbon dioxide is caught, purified, and concentrated. The regeneration process of the technology, which is crucial for the release and purification of CO2, requires a substantial amount of energy. Although DAC has the potential for significant emission reduction, most current facilities are still in the experimental stage with low capacity. The recent initiation of Climeworks' Orca, the most extensive DAC facility to date, signifies a significant advancement in improving the energy and cost effectiveness of this technology. This study uses Orca as a model to demonstrate the scalability of DAC and finds that more research is needed on highly efficient heating techniques and the need for renewable energy sources in carbon capture. The viability of DAC in fulfilling the criteria of the Paris Agreement depends on addressing its existing constraints, such as exorbitant expenses, substantial energy requirements, and the necessity for long-term carbon storage solutions. The technique has the potential to enhance existing efforts to reduce emissions by absorbing atmospheric CO2 that is challenging to eradicate using conventional methods. DAC is an essential part of a holistic strategy to address climate change. The study finds that for DAC to be feasible, it requires focused efforts to improve its efficiency, lower costs, and promote sustainable and climate-resilient development for the future.
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Presented to the 20th Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Rhatigan Student Center, Wichita State University, April 26, 2024.
Research completed in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering.
Research completed in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering.
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Wichita State University
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GRASP
v. 20
v. 20