This paper develops a high-order adaptive scheme for solving nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The solutions to such equations often exhibit solitary wave and local structures, which make adaptivity essential in improving the simulation efficiency. Our scheme uses the ultra-weak discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation and belongs to the framework of adaptive multiresolution schemes. Various numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the excellent capability of capturing the soliton waves and the blow-up phenomenon.