Modeling and comparing the efficiency of quadcopter drone designs
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Abstract
Traditional quadcopter drones use pitch control to achieve forward flight. However, pitching the drone body causes inefficiencies in the form of downforce and drag. This study looks to compare the efficiency of traditional and alternative drone designs. To achieve this end, A numerical model was built from wind tunnel data of rotor characteristics at varying angles of attack. The model measures the thrust and pitching moments of individual rotors to determine the combination of rotor speeds to keep the drone's pitch and altitude stable. This model uses the determined rotor RPM to estimate the power consumption of the drone. The study focuses on comparing the traditional free-to-pitch design to a variable CG drone; 5 rotor, fixed-pitch drone; and a tiltrotor, fixed-pitch drone. Power consumption is measured for drones of varying weight, cruise velocity, and center of gravity location. The study found that all drones perform similarly at cruise velocities below 3 meters per second. The 5 rotor, fixed-pitch drone and tiltrotor, fixed- pitch drone show power savings upwards of 15% at cruise velocities greater than 8 meters per second. Further research and additional wind tunnel data is needed to corroborate the power saving qualities of the alternative designs at velocities greater than 9 meters per second.