Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a severe form of brain cancer with an average five-year survival rate of 6.7%. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection of the tumor area and lining the lesion site with therapeutics, which offer only a moderate impact on increasing survival rates. Drug-testing models based on the monolayer cell culture method may partially explain the lack of advancement in effective GBM treatment, because this model is limited in its ability to show heterogeneous cell-cell and cell-environment interactions as tumor cells in the in vivo state. The development of bioscaffold-based culture models is an important improvement in GBM research, preclinical trials, and targeted drug testing, through better mimicking of the heterogeneity of tumor environmental conditions. A major hurdle towards better GBM outcomes is in delivering medication across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which normally prevents the crossing of materials into the treatment site. The delivery of therapeutics using bioscaffolds is a potential means of overcoming the BBB and could potentially facilitate long-lasting drug release. A number of natural and synthetic materials have been studied for their biodegradability, toxicity, distribution, and pharmaceutical stability, which are needed to determine the overall effectiveness and safety of glioblastoma treatment. This review summarizes advancements in the research of bioscaffold-based GBM cell growth systems and the potential of using bioscaffolds as a carrier for drug delivery.