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    Thin is green: Leveraging the thin-client paradigm for sustainable mobile computing
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015-07) Ghose, Toolika; Namboodiri, Vinod; Pendse, Ravi
    Progress in the area of environmental sustainability for the mobile computing industry could be achieved by making advancement on two fronts: reducing the energy consumed by individual devices throughout their life cycle and reducing the rate at which these devices are discarded. In this work, to address both fronts, we propose the use of a thin-client approach, whereby a mobile device relies mainly on the resources at a remote server to carry out application tasks. To assess the benefits of the proposed approach, this work develops an analytical model as well as performs an empirical evaluation of performance and energy consumption on Android-based smartphones. In terms of energy, a reduction of approximately 11% in the average life cycle energy (LCE) is seen by increasing the device's usage life by even three months through a thin-client approach. In terms of performance, a thin-client device is shown to improve execution by 57% compared to a self-reliant device.
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    A new transmission control protocol for active RFID networks
    (2014-05-13) Baloch, Fariha; Pendse, Ravi
    In this paper a new transmission control protocol named IISS for active RFID networks is proposed that utilizes the concept of scanning the network for successful and unsuccessful slots using lesser number of bits (compared to ISO/IEC 18000-7 standard), a new technique to adjust counters on the tags, decreased number of bits to set the protocol parameters (Frame Length and Slot Size) and reduced size of empty slots within collection rounds. This new protocol is an improved version of previously invented protocol called ISS. The results show that in comparison to the ISO 18000-7, IISS decreases the total read time by 71%, 44% and 28% when 16, 50 and 100 bytes of data are read from the tags respectively.
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    A new anti-collision protocol for RFID networks
    (IEEE, 2014-04-09) Baloch, Fariha; Pendse, Ravi
    The speed at which RFID tags are read is critical to many RFID applications. Tag collisions can increase the time to gather information from tags in RFID networks. These collisions are unavoidable; however the time spent on them can be reduced using an intelligent medium access protocol. In this paper, the authors present a unique anti-collision protocol that scans for collided and empty slots in an RFID network before querying for tag IDs. The new proposed protocol uses a modified version of the bit scan technique to scan for unsuccessful slots. By identifying these slots using a low overhead scan process, the penalty of collisions and empty slots during the query process is reduced and thus a better end-to-end tag reading time is observed.
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    Energy dependent analytical model for sustainable portable computing devices
    (IEEE, 2012-05) Ghose, Toolika; Namboodiri, Vinod; Pendse, Ravi
    The rapidly growing demand for portable devices brings new challenges for the research community. A great amount of prior research has focused on battery-life constraints of such portable devices. A cloud based thin client server software approach has been proposed to make these devices more energy efficient and maximize the battery lifetime [1][2]. In this paper we present an analytical model to characterize the sustainability of portable devices. Through this model we describe an approach that is not only beneficial in reducing the manufacturing energy and electronic waste, but also can help reduce entire lifecycle energy consumption.
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    Cache isolation and thin provisioning of hypervisor caches
    (IEEE, 2012-10) Suryanarayana, Vidya R.; Balasubramanya, Karthik Mylar; Pendse, Ravi
    Server virtualization has enabled resource consolidation and has minimized the need for additional and expensive hardware. Server virtualization has been widely deployed in a lot of organizations, because of the attractive benefits it offers like minimal hardware, cost effective resource consolidation, easier management and maintenance of hardware resources and so on. Many cloud service providers have offloaded processing capabilities to virtual servers in their data centers instead of using multiple physical servers which are very expensive these days. When such a virtualized server setup is connected to disk arrays, latency of data access becomes prominent. In order to minimize the response time of application requests on the virtual servers and make efficient utilization of cache, a dynamic caching mechanism is proposed by the authors on the hypervisor. The caching mechanism proposed in the research is different, in the sense that, it is an isolated, unshared and dynamic cache, where caching is done on the hypervisor instead of the virtual machines. The dynamic cache allocation algorithm enables thin provisioning of the hypervisor cache and leads to efficient cache utilization. Experimental results obtained using the thin provisioning algorithm look promising in terms of reducing the response time and efficiently utilizing the available cache.