A exploratory study to create an anti-neutrino directional and ranging sensitive detector (NUDAR)

Abstract

This research project set out to do an exploratory study to find a novel way to detect $\bar{\nu }$ for small reactor powered vessels and to analyze the potential capabilities within the realm of nuclear defense. A comprehensive study of the energy spectrum of $\bar{\nu }$ particles produced as byproducts of nuclear fission processes was performed. The study combines theoretical calculations and experimental observations from other experiments, to understand the complex dynamics of $\bar{\nu }$ interactions. In addition, this research explores the selection of isotopes with favorable __ cross-sections for detection purposes. The GENIE platform is used to analyze hundreds of isotopes, leading to the identification of $^{137}$Ba, $^{152}$Gd, and $^{183}$W as potential candidates. These isotopes exhibit suitable cross-sections and threshold energies for detecting $\bar{\nu }$ particles. Scintillator materials, such as $BaF_2, GAGG,$ and $NaPGaW$ are assessed for their performance in detecting $\bar{\nu }$ particles. As well, a comprehensive study was carried out to determine the total ranging capabilities of the detector, with the results indicating detection is possible at great lengths. Along with this a possible new $\bar{\nu }$ detecton method was modeled with a double pulse indicator based off of the excitation state of Tantalum. Furthermore, detector construction and simulations are conducted to study particle tracking mechanisms. Crystal structures and segmented scintillator plates are evaluated for their ability to track particles effectively. A proposed detector design involves assembling scintillator structures using optical glue and utilizing fiber-optic lines for light collection. Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4 provide insights into energy deposition, timing, and the potential for detecting low-energy gamma rays. This research paves the way for advancements in understanding of low energy $\bar{\nu }$ physics and offers insights into the development of next-generation detectors. The findings contribute to fundamental physics and have implications for nuclear deterrence, non-proliferation, and defense.