Manufacturing and testing of emulsified micro and nano biodiesel blends using water and other natural resources for enhancement of fossil fuels

Abstract

The pursuit of alternative energy and carbon footprint reduction has become the pinnacle of concern not only for nations all around the world but also for research scientists. Petroleum fuels such as diesel, gasoline, and bunker oil, for instance have powered the transportation, cargo, and energy production industries for over 100 years [20]. Some nations, more than others, have a vision of transferring all energy expectation from electricity in hopes of battling environmental concerns and realities. Not only will this idea harm the environment more but it will still require one form of fossil fuel or another to produce electricity. In the present study one of the most abundant natural resources, water, was utilized to be formulated with conventional diesel at different weight percentages (5 to 35 wt%). While completely deserting the utilization of fossil fuels is rather inefficient and impractical, making an alternative fuel that combines the two together will result in compelling outcomes that can aid in the issues that the world is facing. The combination of water with diesel fuel in this case has always been negatively viewed without further research and analysis until now. With the introduction of 20% water per given volume of diesel, engine performance improved over 5%, fuel economy improved about 20%, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced. In addition to water, alternative additives such as seed-oils and animal fats were also formulated for engine testing and analysis. Seed-oils in this study ranged from percentages of 5 to 50 wt% per given volume with compelling fuel economy improvement of over 20%. Ultimately B100 biodiesel was formulated in this research using various animal fats, such beef tallow for instance. Beef tallow proved extreme potential as biodiesel by replacing 100% of conventional diesel per volume and achieving a fuel economy improvement of nearly 25%. After achieving the above data from test results, further experiments are called for with higher percentages of natural resources as additives for the enhancement of fossil fuel.