Motivation for exercise: An explorative study examining preference for group versus solo physical activity

Abstract

Exercise is a vital component of human well-being, as regular physical activity is known to increase overall health, decrease psychological distress and depression, and decrease mortality risk from all causes (Box et al, 2019). Despite its importance, 25% of Americans remain sedentary and a vast majority of the population do not meet the minimum activity guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2022). Enjoyment of exercise is seen as a key component of engaging and staying consistently committed to physical activity (Engels et al., 2022). This research study analyzes the factors associated with a preference for exercise mode--group versus individual exercise regimens. Anticipated influencing factors include Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Big 5 personality traits, gender differences, occupation, and regular usage of a fitness tracker. Researching these motivational factors will inform a larger endeavor aimed at increasing physical activity among diverse populations. This study will administer a five-part survey including a demographics section, exercise mode and frequency component, Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), and Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2). Once data are collected, regression analyses will be used to determine what, if any, factors are associated with mode preference and level of physical activity engagement. It is hypothesized that those who regularly wear fitness trackers will have better adherence to exercise regimens, and those who score higher in extroversion will be more likely to engage in group versus solo physical activity. The results will be used to design physical activity engagement campaigns, tailored to individual populations, that emphasize enjoyable aspects of exercise.