The association of the ACTN3 R577X genotypes and athlete status - a meta-analysis
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Abstract
This study is a meta-analysis interested in research that investigated ACTN3 genotype frequencies present in different athlete types - endurance, middle distance, or power related. One of the many factors that determine athletic ability is genetics. One heavily studied gene in that regard is the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. ACTN3 is a protein-encoding gene that is only expressed in type II muscle fibers. Three different hypotheses were formulated: 1) homozygous ACTN3 RR genotype will show a positive association with power related sports 2) no significant association of the homozygous minor allele XX will be shown with endurance athletes 3) no significant association will be shown between middle distance athletes and the heterozygous RX genotype. The analysis regarding hypothesis 1 revealed a statistically significant association between the RR genotype and power oriented athletes (OR = 1.4680, 95%CI = 1.0113; 2.1308, Z = 2.02, p = .04). Results for the analysis regarding hypothesis 2 showed no significant association between endurance athletes and the XX genotype (OR = .96, 95%CI = .72; 1.29, Z = .25, p = .80). Analysis for hypothesis 3 also demonstrated a non-significant association between RX genotypes and middle distance athletes (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.38; 1.45, p = .38).