Kansas pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding over-the-counter emergency contraception

Abstract

To increase patient access, the FDA recently approved OTC sale of emergency contraception (EC) however increased access may not have been achieved due to pharmacists refusing to sell the product. Purpose: Measure knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of KS pharmacists regarding EC. Methods: A survey with 46 items assessing respondent characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes/beliefs was mailed to all 2,601 registered KS pharmacists. Results: A total of 22.4% of pharmacists responded, n=583. The overall mean knowledge score was 57% ± 20, however scores were higher in persons working in settings where EC is sold, 46% ± 21 vs. 61% ± 18, p<0.001. The knowledge question with the lowest accuracy, 28%, asked about notifying authorities in cases of sexual assault. Only 37% correctly identified the primary mechanism of action as delaying/preventing ovulation. A majority of pharmacists would dispense EC in cases of rape (80%), incest (79%), and regardless of the situation (62%). However, many expressed concerns including its use as a regular form of birth control (44%), medical liability (41%), and promoting unsafe sex (37%). Religious and political views significantly affected willingness to dispense. Conclusion: Overall, knowledge of KS pharmacists regarding EC is low and should be strengthened. While the majority of pharmacists are willing to dispense EC, a significant number did express concerns indicating this may be causing some professional ethical stress deserving of statewide discussion.