Nano scaled antennas with metamaterial versus centimeter/millimeter scaled antennas without metamaterial

Abstract

This paper studies the effects of liquid crystal (e.g, 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl [5CB]) as a substrate on the performance of a nano-antenna at very high frequency, 0.1 THz to 10 THz. Also, since the size and shape of the antenna impact its gain/directivity, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and efficiency, this paper also considers two different types of antennae, comparing the characteristics of a nano antenna at 0.1THz to 10 THZ operating frequency with a conventional-scale centimeter (cm)/millimeter (mm) at an operating frequency of a few GHz to 100 GHz. The two antenna types considered in this paper are as follows: (a) rectangular patch antenna (RPA) and (b) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA). These two types have been popular cm/mm antenna and are chosen for the nano-antenna in order to understand changes in antenna performance due to changes in the antenna's geometrical shape. FEldberechnung für Körper mit beliebiger Oberfläche (FEKO) software was used for the design and calculation of the three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) patterns. Also, due to the increasing demand for massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication technology this paper also concentrates on the design and analysis of a massive nano MIMO (8 by 8) RPA and CDRA.