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Item Against adoption-based objections to procreation(John Wiley and Sons, 2024-08-21) Hill, ScottMany philosophers and members of the public think it is wrong to procreate. If one wants children, it is permissible to adopt. But procreation is allegedly impermissible because there is some respect in which adoption is better than procreation. There are two prominent variants of such objections. First, we have a duty to help others. Adopting a child from a poor country satisfies that duty. But procreation does not. Second, adding another person to a wealthy nation through procreation contributes to climate change. But adopting does not. I show that such objections are unsound.Item Against adoption-based objections to procreation(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-08-21) Hill, ScottMany philosophers and members of the public think it is wrong to procreate. If one wants children, it is permissible to adopt. But procreation is allegedly impermissible because there is some respect in which adoption is better than procreation. There are two prominent variants of such objections. First, we have a duty to help others. Adopting a child from a poor country satisfies that duty. But procreation does not. Second, adding another person to a wealthy nation through procreation contributes to climate change. But adopting does not. I show that such objections are unsound. © 2024 University of Southern California and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item The relevance of belief outsourcing to whether arguments can change minds(Oxford University Press, 2024) Hill, ScottThere is a wealth of evidence which indicates that arguments are not very efficient tools for changing minds. Against this scepticism, Dutilh Novaes (2023) presents evidence that, given the right social context, arguments sometimes play a significant role in belief revision. However, drawing on Levy (2021), I argue that the evidence Dutilh Novaes cites is compatible with the view that it is not arguments that change individual minds but instead belief outsourcing that occurs alongside the consideration of arguments. © 2024 The Aristotelian Society.Item Zhuangzi's ethical nihilism(Routledge, 2023-12) Soles, David E.; Soles, Deborah H.Zhuangzi often is portrayed as a kind of ethical relativist. This popular reading has been challenged by Philip Ivanhoe, who argues that Zhuangzi is not a relativist but rather that Zhuangzi articulates a normative theory of benignity. In this paper we argue against Ivanhoe's interpretation. We further argue that Zhuangzi is an ethical nihilist, who rejects all ethical positions.Item Space Ethics(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Milligan, Tony; Johnson-Schwartz, J.S.The origins of space ethics are to be found within the space community, with professional philosophers and ethicists joining the discussion more recently. Typical concerns include space mining; risk, disclosure, and justice in space; and iconic topics such as the settlement and terraforming of Mars. These issues may be tackled from different disciplinary perspectives. To convey a constructive sense of the distinctive contribution of ethicists, this chapter highlights the balancing of value considerations, the enhancing of decision-making, the stress-testing of concepts and frameworks, and the importance of ongoing ethical engagement at all stages of space exploration programmes.