ECE Research Publications

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    A dual perspective approach for integrating technical and consumer concerns in resilience assessments
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024-09-11) Abeygunawardane, Saranga; Aravinthan, Visvakumar; Singh, Chanan
    As the ultimate users and cost-bearers of power systems, consumers experience significant consequences from widespread, long duration power interruptions caused by extreme weather events. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate their perspectives in power system resilience assessments. Yet, existing power system resilience definitions, metrics and assessment frameworks primarily focus on technical perspectives. This work attempts to address the above-mentioned limitation by proposing a dual-focused approach for resilience assessments. We analyze both technical and consumer viewpoints, identify similarities and differences between reliability and resilience, and propose a refined definition of power system resilience that incorporates both perspectives. By modifying conventional distribution system reliability indices, metrics are proposed to assess resilience from both technical and consumers' viewpoints. Capability of ensuring social equity through the utilization of proposed metrics is highlighted. A case study is conducted using past data to illustrate the applicability of proposed metrics. Furthermore, a framework is developed for probabilistic resilience assessments of future power systems, utilizing the proposed dual perspective metrics. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Semi-Passive RIS-Aided sequential channel estimation and prediction
    (IEEE Computer Society, 2024-08-26) Haider, Mirza A.; Zhang, Yimin D.; Ding, Yanwu; Shen, Dan; Pham, Khanh; Chen, Genshe
    The popularity of mmWave in 5G and future communications is hindered by challenging propagation environments, such as line-of-sight obstruction. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) address this issue by dynamically modifying wireless channels, thereby enhancing data rates, reducing latency, and improving reliability in non-line-of-sight scenarios. For high data-rate communication and precise mobile user localization, a large RIS is required, resulting in a high pilot overhead for channel estimation. To address this issue, we exploit a semi-passive RIS with sparsely distributed active RIS elements in lieu of fully passive RIS. This approach efficiently enables channel estimation both between the base station and the RIS as well as between the RIS and the mobile users. Structured covariance matrix interpolation optimally utilizes the array aperture from the sparsely placed active RIS elements. Recognizing the need for frequent channel estimation, we introduce a recurrent neural network-based model for sequential channel prediction, resulting in a significant reduction of the required training pilot signals. Simulation results affirm the capability and effectiveness of the proposed approach to enhance data transmission. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Examining rurality and social determinants of health among women with GDM: a 15-year comprehensive population analysis
    (Springer Nature, 2024-08-24) Ali, Umama; Cure, Laila; Lewis, Rhonda K.; Rattani, Ajita; Hill, Twyla J.; Woods, Nikki Keene
    Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with long-term health consequences for mothers and their children. The escalating trends of GDM coupled with the growing prevalence of maternal obesity, a significant GDM risk factor projected to approach nearly 60% by 2030 in Kansas, has emerged as a pressing public health issue. Methods: The aim of this study was to compare GDM and maternal obesity trends in rural and urban areas and investigate maternal demographic characteristics influencing the risk of GDM development over a 15-year period. Trend analyses and a binary logistic regression were employed utilizing 2005 to 2019 de-identified birth record vital statistics from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (N = 589,605). Results: Over the cumulative 15-year period, a higher prevalence of GDM was observed across age, race/ethnicity, education, and insurance source. Throughout this period, there was an increasing trend in both GDM and obese pre-pregnancy BMI age-adjusted prevalence, with noticeable rural-urban disparities. From 2005 to 2019, women, including Asians (OR: 2.73, 95% CI 2.58%-2.88%), American Indian or Alaskan Natives (OR: 1.58, 95%, CI 1.44-1.73%), Hispanics (OR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.37%-1.48%), women residing in rural areas (OR: 1.09, 95%, CI 1.06-1.12%), with advanced maternal age (35-39 years, OR: 4.83 95% CI 4.47%-5.22%; ?40 years, OR: 6.36 95%, CI 5.80-6.98%), with lower educational status (less than high school, OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.10%-1.20%; high school graduate, OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06%-1.13%), Medicaid users (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06%-1.13%), or with an overweight (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.72%-1.84%) or obese (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 3.50%-3.72%) pre-pregnancy BMI were found to be at an increased risk of developing GDM. Conclusions: There are persistent rural-urban and racial/ethnic disparities present from 2005 to 2019 among pregnant women in Kansas with or at-risk of GDM. There are several socioeconomic factors that contribute to these health disparities affecting GDM development. These findings, alongside with prominent rising maternal obesity trends, highlight the need to expand GDM services in a predominantly rural state, and implement culturally-responsive interventions for at-risk women. © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024.
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    5G-and-beyond positioning against amplify-and-forward relay jamming
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kwon, Hyuck M.; Sai Manne, Jyothi Sri; Pham, Khanh D.
    An amplify-and-forward (AF) relay jamming signal can pass through any civil and military wireless communication system. Hence, AF relay jamming is dangerous and should be detected and suppressed before demodulation/decoding/decryption in wireless communication systems. The 5G positioning reference signal (PRS) and 5G synchronization reference signal (SRS) play critical roles especially for autonomous driving and link establishment between a user equipment (UE) and a near gNodeB. Both the PRS and SRS are publicly known and vulnerable to AF relay jamming. The goal of this paper is to present an effective and low-complexity 5G-and-beyond UE positioning algorithm against an AF 2-dimensional time delay (TD) and frequency shift (FS) relay jamming. Preliminary results for the proposed algorithm using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver scenario are presented under a 1D AF TD relay jamming environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Intermittent Markov frequency-hopping entropy rate
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kwon, Hyuck M.
    The entropy rate of a random process shows how the entropy of the sequence grows with time. The entropy rate can be used to estimate the complexity of a random process. In this paper, the entropy rate of multiple, intermittent frequency hopping (FH), stationary, and Markov model (MM) random process sources, is presented in a closed form. Also, an upperbound of the entropy rate of the multiple hidden Markov model (HMM) sequences corresponding to the multiple MM sources is presented. © 2024 IEEE.