Census data published by professional organizations indicate an upward trend in the number of physician assistants (PAs) working in many specialty fields, including the subspecialty of trauma surgery. As the role of hospital-based PAs and nurse practitioners (NPs) continues to evolve, greater understanding of these roles will help identify future employment trends for these professions. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of PAs and NPs in US trauma centers, to document their roles, and to identify their potential future utilization by trauma centers.