Case management models have been categorized many different ways, but classification into two generic models is proposed here: an interrogative model that relies on intense oversight with expected cost reduction and a patient advocacy model that relies on a brokering arrangement for services in the best interest of the patient. A randomized trial in an elderly, functionally impaired population resulted in the implementation of a patient advocacy model and suggests that this model results in increased service use and costs, but that increased survival rates may justify the additional cost.

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