The Evolution of the Nation of Islam

Abstract

The change from Elijah Poole to Elijah Muhammad began a long and intricate development of a socioeconomic and religious movement that proved to fully transform radical Black Nationalism from a mere aggregate of para-militarists to an internationally recognized organization of liberation. By observing the four main leaders of the Nation of Islam: Elijah Muhammad; Malcolm X; Wallace Muhammad; and Louis Farrakhan, it can be seen that a definite agenda is put forward by each leader's particular 'revelation'. From the four leaders arise two distinct groups of ideals, as exhibited in their messages and programs, with Louis on the right hand of Elijah, and Wallace beside Malcolm. From theology and political philosophy to basic economic and social policies, the movements of Elijah and Farrakhan greatly differ from those of Malcolm and Wallace. These differences are attributable to sociological realties of the congregants, as well as the social and religious milieu from which the leaders speak.